Bleeding Gums

What to do if your gums are bleeding
If you notice bleeding from your gums, especially after brushing, flossing, or eating, it is best to arrange a dental appointment as soon as possible. In the meantime, you can:

• Keep your mouth clean by brushing gently twice a day with a soft toothbrush.
• Rinse with warm salt water to soothe the gums and reduce bacteria.
• Avoid smoking, which can worsen gum irritation.
• Use floss carefully, without snapping it against the gums.

These measures can help limit discomfort, but professional treatment is needed to address the underlying cause.

Common causes of bleeding gums
There are several reasons why gums may bleed. Some of the most common include:

• Gingivitis (early gum disease) – Often caused by a build-up of plaque and bacteria at the gumline.
• Periodontitis (advanced gum disease) – A more serious stage where infection affects deeper tissues and supporting bone.
• Poor oral hygiene habits – Infrequent or rushed brushing and flossing may leave plaque behind.
• Dental plaque and tartar build-up – Hardened deposits that irritate the gums and cannot be removed by brushing alone.
• Ill-fitting dentures or dental appliances – These can rub against the gum tissue and cause bleeding.
• Vitamin deficiencies or certain medications – Occasionally, general health factors can make gums more prone to bleeding.

At your emergency appointment, the dentist will determine the cause and recommend the right treatment.

What to expect at your emergency appointment
When you attend for bleeding gums, your dentist will:

• Examine your gums and teeth to look for signs of infection or inflammation.
• Take X-rays if required to assess the health of the supporting bone.
• Check for tartar build-up or damaged dental restorations that may be irritating your gums.
• Provide immediate care to control bleeding and ease discomfort.

Treatment options for bleeding gums
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the problem:

• Professional cleaning (scale and polish) – Removes plaque and tartar that daily brushing cannot reach, helping gums heal and reducing bleeding.
• Deep cleaning (root planing) – For more advanced gum issues, the dentist may clean below the gumline to remove bacteria and allow the gums to re-attach to the teeth.
• Antibacterial rinses or medication – To help reduce infection and support healing.
• Adjustments to dental appliances – If dentures or braces are irritating the gums, small changes can stop the bleeding.
• Referral for ongoing periodontal care – If gum disease is advanced, your dentist may recommend continued treatment with a gum specialist.

Aftercare and preventing future problems
Following treatment, good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are key to keeping gums healthy. Your dentist will provide guidance, which may include:

• Brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristle brush.
• Flossing or using interdental brushes once a day.
• Reducing sugary snacks and drinks to lower plaque build-up.
• Attending regular check-ups and hygiene appointments.

By following this advice, most patients see their gums heal and bleeding reduce significantly.