Toothache

Common causes of toothache
There are many reasons why a tooth may become painful. Some of the most common include:

• Tooth decay – Cavities can expose the inner layers of the tooth, causing pain and sensitivity.
• Infection or abscess – Bacteria can infect the pulp or surrounding tissues, often resulting in severe, throbbing pain.
• Damaged or lost fillings – When fillings break down, the tooth becomes exposed and vulnerable.
• Cracked or broken tooth – Even small fractures can lead to pain, especially when chewing.
• Gum disease – Inflammation of the gums can cause discomfort and affect the supporting tissues of the teeth.
• Impacted wisdom teeth – Wisdom teeth that are trapped or infected can cause significant pain and swelling.

What to do if you have toothache
If you are experiencing a toothache, these steps may help until you are able to see an emergency dentist:

• Rinse your mouth with warm salt water to keep the area clean.
• Use a cold compress on the outside of your cheek if there is swelling.
• Take over-the-counter pain relief such as paracetamol or ibuprofen (always follow the instructions).
• Avoid very hot, cold, or sweet foods that may worsen sensitivity.
• Do not place aspirin directly on the tooth or gums, as this may cause irritation.

Remember, these are only temporary measures. You should arrange an emergency appointment as soon as possible to treat the underlying problem.

What to expect at your emergency appointment
When you attend your appointment for a toothache, the dentist will begin with:

• A thorough examination of your teeth and gums.
• X-rays, if necessary, to identify hidden problems such as decay, abscesses, or root issues.
• Pain relief, which may include a local anaesthetic if required.

Once the cause has been identified, the dentist will recommend the most suitable treatment.

Emergency treatments for a toothache
Treatment will depend on the cause and severity of the toothache. Options may include:

• Filling or restoration – If decay is present, the cavity can be cleaned and filled to restore the tooth.
• Root canal treatment – If the inner pulp of the tooth is infected or inflamed, root canal therapy may be required to save the tooth.
• Tooth extraction – If the tooth is too severely damaged or infected to be restored, removal may be the safest option.
• Antibiotics – If there is swelling or an abscess, antibiotics may be prescribed to control the infection before further treatment.

Recovery and aftercare
After emergency treatment, your dentist will provide advice tailored to your situation. This may include:

• Taking pain relief as recommended.
• Avoid chewing on the treated side until the tooth has healed.
• Keeping the area clean with careful brushing and rinsing.
• Attending any follow-up appointments for permanent restorations, such as crowns or replacement options.
• Following these instructions will support healing and reduce the risk of the problem returning.